This portion of the Civic Health Index details the various civic engagement indicators measured by NCoC and its partners to ascertain the state of civic health in Pennsylvania. Civic engagement is dened as a broad composite that includes several of the most frequently measured and discussed forms of civic participation. The balanced and broad denition includes public action, democratic deliberation or private sociability (how often people are discussing government and how well they are connected to their friends, family and neighbors), and civic knowledge (where citizens are getting their information).

PUBLIC ACTION: This is where citizens intersect with their government and communities. These indicators encompass forms of civic engagement such as voting and volunteering—any action that directly affects or inuences government or community.

CIVIC KNOWLEDGE: WHERE DO PENNSYLVANIANS GET THEIR INFORMATION?
In order to be an engaged citizenry, Pennsylvanians must also be an informed citizenry. They must be abreast of current events and understand the issues they present, both locally and nationally. The Pennsylvania Civic Health Index identies how often and where Pennsylvanians are getting their news.